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Paleohydrogeology of southern Sinai, Egypt
Amin M. AbdAllah, M. F. El Kiki, A. Abou Khadrah and A. El Refeai1
Geology Dept., Fac. Sciences, Cairo Univ., Giza, 1Sinai Development Authority, Egypt

Geological and geophysical evidences (in particular thermal and gravity anomalies) suggest the presence of hot mantle material below zones of continental rifting. A thermal subsidence sedimentary basin model and its application to Abu ElGharadig basin indicates that:

The groundwater resources of southern Sinai are a reflection of the ancient to recent hydrogeologic cycles. These are manifested by different depositional regimes (continental. lagoonal, fluvio-marine or marine) and structural patterns with variability of the paleo-to-recent climatic conditions. The general structural framework delineates the closed, semi-closed or open basins and their ability to transmit groundwater flows. All these clarify the hydrogeologic conditions in the area.

Gradual transgression and regression of the Tethys sea during the various paleohydrogeologic cycles resulted in differences in aquifer characteristics. Gradual uplifting of the Quaternary gave rise to the flushing of marine water entrapped in shallow aquifers by meteoric water percolations. The present climatic conditions govern the groundwater quality and the safe yield of the Quaternary aquifer.